Edema - Altmeyers Encyclopedia - Department Dermatology

Synonym(s)

dropsy; Oedema

Definition
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Increased, circumscribed or diffuse, interstitial fluid accumulation in various organs due to disturbances in the balance of fluid exchange into the tissue, absorption from the interstitium and lymph drainage. A distinction is made between acute oedema and chronic oedema.

Etiopathogenesis
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A variety of causes can lead to hyperemia, increased transsudation, disturbances in the barrier function of the endothelium, increase in capillary pressure in the venous leg, reduction in tissue pressure, reduction in the colloid-osmotic pressure of the blood and/or obstruction of lymph drainage. S.a.u. Anasarca.

Vascular: chronic venous insufficiency (phleboedema, phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis, post-thrombotic syndrome, phlegmasia alba and rubra dolens, phlegmasia coerulea dolens), lymphoedema (primary and secondary), stasis oedema due to mechanical compression of veins (venous bifurcation syndrome, crossing syndrome, Ormond syndrome, etc.).
Allergies (angineurotic edema)
Infections (erysipelas, boils, filariasis)
Internal diseases: heart failure, hypoproteinemia (nephrosis, nephritis), liver diseases, marasmus, hunger (protein deficiency), hypokalemia (laxative and diuretic abuse), Cushing's disease
Collagenoses
Neurological diseases (on paralyzed extremities)
Trauma (traumatic back of the hand and lower leg edema)
Artifacts due to tapping or self-jamming
Other causes: Idiopathic edema, "essential" edema in women (cyclic premenstrual, pregnancy), hereditary angioedema.

Therapy
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Depending on the aetiology: diuretics, increase of cardiac output (Digitalis) and arterial perfusion pressure e.g. Etilefrin (Adrenam mild), Dihydroergotamin (Angionorm) or combination preparations (Effortil plus).
Improvement of the microcirculation e.g. with rutoside (Sklerovenol N) 600 mg/day or Troxerutin (Troxeven) 900 mg/day) Compression therapy, moist compresses, if necessary antibiotic or antifungal therapy for superinfections.