Onychodystrophy (overview) - Altmeyers Encyclopedia

Definition
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Collective term for nail growth disorders of different etiology. S.u. Nail diseases.

Classification
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In the context of various underlying diseases:
- Senile involution (onychogrypose, rippling of the nails, nail splitting)
- Acrodermatitis continua suppurativa
- Eczema nails
- Tinea unguium
- Erythroderma
- Paronychia
- Psoriasis vulgaris
- Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris
- Lichen planus
- alopecia areata
- systemic scleroderma
- in severe generalized dermatoses (erythroderma, TEN etc.)
- Subungual or periungual growths or cysts:
- In various (hereditary) syndromes:
As a drug side effect after ingestion of:
- Captopril
- Chlorpromazine
- Cotrimoxazole
- Diflunisal
- Doxorubicin
- 5-fluorouracil
- Isoniazid
- Isotretinoin
- Coumarins, systemic
- Tetracyclines
- other cytostatic drugs
Traumatic:
- chronic traumas (in squash, tennis or soccer players)
- in the context of tics, e.g. by nail biting or nail rubbing (cf. artifacts)
- by other tramatizing manipulations e.g. by excessive trimming or pushing back of the cuticles.
Idiopathic:
- Twenty-nail dystrophy.

Therapy
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See the above mentioned clinical pictures. If necessary, discontinue the medication that is causing the disease.

External therapy
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Self-adhesive, drug-free gel foil (e.g. Zalain nail plaster) for 6-12 months (renew once/week) Due to the occlusive effect, the patch suppresses water loss, controls nail growth, provides mechanical protection and improves the regeneration of the nail structure.