Oxyuriasis B80.x0

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

Last updated on: 29.10.2020

Synonym(s)

Enterobiasis; Oxyur infestation

Definition
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Worldwide widespread worm disease caused by Enterobius vermiculata. Oxyuriasis is the most common worm infection in humans in Central Europe.

Pathogen
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Enterobius vermicularis. The female worms are 8-13mm, the males 2-5mm long.

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Dermatology

Contagious mollusc

A chronic, localized, only rarely generalized (immunodeficiency), self-limited infectious disease of the sk...

Etiopathogenesis
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Infection by worm eggs on salads and vegetables fertilized with faeces. Re-transmission of eggs from the anus to the mouth through dirt and smear infection (the most frequent transmission route, which is favoured by the fact that under favourable conditions the eggs can survive outside the body for up to 20 days).

Manifestation
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Especially children.

Clinical features
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Pruritus analis, scratching with erosions. Also picture of the weeping anal eczema. Eczematization. Possible secondary infection: pyoderma, condylomata acuminata, mollusca contagiosa in the anal region. In girls possibly vulvovaginitis. Rare: Chronic recurrent urticaria.

Diagnosis
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Pathogen detection: Macroscopic. Oxyurs or worm eggs in the anal region or in the stool. To detect the worm eggs press transparent adhesive tape to the anal rim in the morning and examine it microscopically.

Complication(s)
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Blepharitis or eye muscle diseases are possible.

General therapy
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Hygiene: Keep fingernails short, wash hands with soap and nailbrush after defecation. Change bedding and linen frequently for 8 days and boil.

External therapy
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In case of superinfection or a pronounced eczema reaction, disinfecting sitz baths with potassium permanganate (light pink) or quinolinol (e.g. Chinosol 1:1000 or R042 ).

Notice! Check the environment for other carriers of infection (e.g. family, kindergarten, school)!

Internal therapy
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Single dose of pyrantel (e.g. Helmex) 10 mg/kg bw (max. 1 g) or mebendazole (e.g. Vermox) 100 mg p.o. Follow-up checks at 2-week intervals and repeat the therapy if necessary, see also worm infection.

Literature
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Elston DM (2003) What's eating you? Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms, threadworms). Cutis 71: 268-270
Lee SC et al (2002) Detection of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in the submucosa of the transverse colon of a man presenting with colon carcinoma. At J Trop Med Hyg 67: 546-548
Yang CA et al (2017) Impact of Enterobius vermicularis infection and mebendazole treatment onintestinal
microbiota and host immune response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11:e0005963.