Synonym(s)
Japanese encephalitis; JE
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Arbovirosis (endemic zooanthropoonosis) caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus.
PathogenThis section has been translated automatically.
- Japanese encephalitis virus, belonging to the Flaviviridae. So far several subtypes have been isolated, of which the types "Nakayama" and "JaGar-01" have been identified so far.
- The pathogens are pathogenic for pig, horse and human (intermediate host). Birds, reptiles and bats are reservoirs. The vector is the mosquito (Culex and Aedes species).
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Occurrence/EpidemiologyThis section has been translated automatically.
- Occurrence in tropical South-East Asia, especially China, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines and northern Thailand Epidemics in the rainy season.
- Worldwide there are about 35-50.000 cases, of which about 10.000 are lethal.
Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.
- Incubation period: 5-15 days. In most cases mild or even asymptomatic course.
- Flu-like clinical picture with fever, chills, fatigue, headache, nausea and vomiting.
- Skin changes are rare. Occasionally parainfectious viral exanthema occurs.
- Infection of the central nervous system: encephalitis with clouding of consciousness, seizures, reflex disorders, paresis and meningitis signs.
DiagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
- Rare virus isolation in the CSF lumbalis (maximum: 4-5 days post infectionem).
- Immunofluorescence microscopy: viral antigen in brain material.
- ELISA or HHT in CSF. Cross-reactivity with other Flaviviridae must be taken into account.
- Virus cultivation.
Differential diagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
Other viral, bacterial and parasitic encephalitis.
Complication(s)This section has been translated automatically.
Neurological malfunction, miscarriage, death.
TherapyThis section has been translated automatically.
Symptomatic.
Progression/forecastThis section has been translated automatically.
In about 30% of the cases, lethal, in another third permanent neurological deficits.
ProphylaxisThis section has been translated automatically.
- Vaccination with inactivated vaccine (not approved in Germany, must be obtained from a foreign pharmacy, Fa.Biken etc.): the vaccine is grown on mouse brains. Undesirable side effects: allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema) up to 2 weeks after vaccination.
- Mosquito control and protection.
- Attenuated vaccines for animal prevention.
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Diagana M, Preux PM, Dumas M (2007) Japanese encephalitis revisited. J Neurol Sci 15: 165-170
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Virus exanthema (overview);Disclaimer
Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.
Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer