Dermatoses, pustular of the newborn - Altmeyers Encyclopedia

Synonym(s)

Newborn Pustuloses; Pustular diseases of childhood; Pustuloses of childhood; Pustulosis of the newborn

Definition
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Polyaetiological inflammatory skin diseases characterized by follicular or non follicular pustules (and vesicles). While the pustules represent the clinically characteristic leading efflorescences, a variety of clinical pictures and different causes are concealed behind the individual clinical pictures. As a large part of the pustular phenomena in newborns occur within the self-limiting erythema neonatorum, it is necessary to differentiate between these and other pustuloses requiring treatment.

Classification
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From a fundamental point of view, pustular diseases of the newborn can be divided into non-infectious vs. infectious as well as harmless vs. severe.

Non-infectious, self-limiting pustular dermatoses:
Non-infectious, severe pustular diseases:
- Incontinentia pigmenti, Bloch-Sulzberger type
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis ( Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease type)
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist deficiency syndrome (DIRA)
Infectious pustular dermatoses (not life-threatening):
- Scabies, neonatal (at any time)
- Impetigo, neonatal (at any time)
- Pityrosporum folliculitis of the infant (syn.:Neonatal cephalic pustulosis; acne neonatorum) (2-3 weeks after birth).
Infectious pustular dermatoses (severe, also life-threatening):
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (at any time)
- Candidiasis, connatal (at birth, within the 1st day of life)
- Neonatal staphylococcal infection of the skin
- Generalized herpes simplex infections, connatal (within the first 14 days of life) see below Herpes sepsis of the newborn
- Varicella, congenital (within the first 12 days of life)
- Cytomegalovirus infections(at any time)
- Aspergillosis, primary cutaneous (at birth, especially in premature infants).