Cup primrose

Sensitization is triggered by the quinone primin (2-methyl-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone). Sensitizing potency: Very strong. Sensitization frequency: Occasional.

The medically used primrose species (Primula officinalis) contain almost no primin.

The literature reports numerous cases of irritant and allergic reactions after contact with the cup primrose. The most common allergic contact eczema today is observed in connection with domestic or hobby gardening activities.

In a larger (Italian) collective of patients with potential contact sensitization (n=24,000), Bongiorni L et al (2015) demonstrated a primin sensitization of 1.9%, with women (2.6%) more frequently sensitized than men (0.5%). In certain areas of Italy (Pordonne) even higher sebisbilisation rates (up to 6%) were detected.

Occupational primrose allergies among gardeners or florists are rare. Cross-reactivity may occur in contact with other plants and wood species containing quinones with related structure, such as exotic wood species(Dalbergia species, rosewood) such as teak or rosewood. Related chinoid constituents are also found in other primrose species, orchid species, etc. as well as marine animals (e.g. in natural sponges).

1. Bongiorni L et al (2015) Primin sensitization in north-eastern Italy: a temporal trend from 1996 to 2012. contact dermatitis 73:108-112.
2. Sashida Y (2014)Dermatitis caused by primulas. Chudoku Kenkyu 27:28-30.