Substances used in magistral prescriptions or finished preparations for external therapy (see also excipient).
Active substance (dermatological)
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
ClassificationThis section has been translated automatically.
- Overview of the cationic active substances used in magistral formulations or finished preparations for external therapy and their allocation to active substance classes:
- antibiotics:
- Chlortetracycline-HCl
- Clindamycin dihydrogen phosphate
- Framycetin sulfate
- Gentamicin sulphate
- Neomycin sulfate
- Oxytetracycline-HCl
- Tetracycline-HCl
- Antifungals:
- Antiseptics:
- Benzalkonium Chloride
- Chlorhexidine digluconate
- Dequalinium chloride
- Ethacridine lactate
- Hydroxyquinoline sulfate
- Methylrosanilinium chloride
- Antihistamines:
- Bamipine HCl
- Bromopheniramine hydrogen maleate
- Chlorphenoxamine-HCl
- Dimetine maleate
- Diphenhydramine HCl
- Doxepin-HCl
- Pheniramine hydrogen maleate
- Local anaesthetics:
- Other:
- Aluminium Chloride Hexahydrate
- Diltiazem-HCl.
- Overview of the surfactants used in magistral formulations or finished preparations for external therapy:
- antihistamines:
- Benzalkonium chloride
- coal tar solution and coal spirit
- Ichthyol/Lightkichthol
- Local anaesthetics:
- Overview of the anionic agents used in magistral prescriptions or finished preparations for external therapy:
- Acetylsalicylic acid
- Ammonium bituminosulfonate
- Anthrarobin
- basic bismuth gallate
- Chlorocresol (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- Chlorquinaldol
- Ciclopiroxolamine
- Clioquinol
- Diclofenac-Na
- Dithranol
- Eosin-Na
- Estradiol
- Estriol
- 5-fluorouracil
- Glycolic acid
- Heparin-Na
- Hexachlorophen (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- hyaluronic acid
- Hydroquinone
- Potassium canrenoate
- coal tar solution and coal spirit
- Merbromine Na
- 2-naphthol (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- Phenolum liquefactum (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- Polyvidone-iodine
- Resorcinol (negative benefit-risk assessment by the B7 commission of the former BGA!)
- salicylic acid
- Tannin
- Thymol
- Tioxolone
- Tribromophenol bismuth (negative benefit-risk assessment by the B7 commission of the former BGA!)
- Triclosan
- Overview of the phenolic and phenolic-containing active ingredients used in magistral formulations or finished preparations for external therapy:
- Anthrarobin
- Chlorocresol (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- 2-Naphthol (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- Phenolum liquefactum (negative benefit-risk assessment by the commission B7 of the former BGA!)
- Pix betulina
- pix lithanthracis
- Resorcinol (negative benefit-risk assessment by the B7 commission of the former BGA!)
- salicylic acid
- Tannin
- Triclosan
TablesThis section has been translated automatically.
Overview of the active ingredients used in magistral formulations or finished preparations for external therapy and their maximum concentrations
Active ingredients |
Maximum concentration |
Remarks |
Aciclovir |
5% |
|
alclometasone 17,21-dipropionate |
0,5% |
|
Acriflavinium chloride |
2% |
obsolete! |
Allantoin |
0,2-3% |
|
Allethrin I |
0,6% |
|
Aluminium acetate, basic |
1,5-10% |
|
Aluminium chloride hexahydrate |
10-25% |
|
Amcinonide |
0,1% |
|
Ammonium bituminosulfonate (Ichthyol) |
10-50% |
|
Amorolfine hydrochloride |
0,25-5% |
|
amphotericin B |
3% |
|
Anthrarobin |
3% |
Problems with the pharmaceutical stability of the substance! |
Azelaic acid |
15-20% |
|
Azulen |
0,2% |
no longer used in dermatics! |
Bacitracin |
500 IU/g |
|
Bamipine HCl |
2% |
|
Benzalkonium chloride |
0,5% |
|
Benzoic acid |
6% |
obsolete! |
Benzocaine |
5-10% |
|
Benzoyl peroxide |
3-10% |
|
Benzyl alcohol |
2-5% |
|
Benzyl benzoate |
10-25% |
|
betamethasone 17-valerate |
0,15 |
|
betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate |
0,1 |
|
betamethasone 17-benzoate |
0,025% |
no longer used in Germany! |
Bifonazole |
1% |
|
Brilliant green |
0,5% |
unclear benefit-risk assessment; contaminated with heavy metals! |
Bufexamac |
5% |
|
Calcipotriol |
0,005% |
|
Calcium Chloride |
5% |
|
Capsaicin |
1% |
(0.05% according to NRF) |
Cetylpyridinium chloride x 2 H2O |
1,0% |
|
Cetylpyridinium chloride x 6 H2O |
2,0% |
|
Chloramine T |
0,25-10% |
|
Chloramphenicol |
2% |
|
Chlorhexidine digluconate |
1% |
|
Chlorocresol |
0,2-1,5% |
obsolete! |
Chlorphenoxamine-HCl |
1,5% |
|
Chlorquinaldol |
3% |
in Germany not used in dermatics! |
Chlortetracycline-HCl |
3% |
|
Chrysarobin |
5% |
obsolete! |
Ciclopiroxolamine |
1% |
|
Ciclosporin |
2% |
|
Clemastine fumarate |
0,04% |
|
clindamycin-2-dihydrogen phosphate |
1,2% |
|
Clioquinol |
3% |
|
clobetasol-17-propionate |
0,05% |
|
Clobetasone butyrate |
0,05% |
|
clocortolone-21-acetate |
0,03-0,1% |
no longer used in Germany! |
Clocortolone-21-hexanoate (= Clocortolone-21-caproate) |
0,03-0,1% |
no longer used in Germany! |
clocortolone-21-pivalate |
0,03-0,1% |
in Germany no longer used in dermatics! |
Clotrimazole |
1% |
|
Croconazole-HCl |
1% |
|
Crotamiton |
5-10% |
|
Dequalinium chloride |
0,4% |
|
Dequalinium salicylate |
1% |
not used in Germany! |
deoximetic acid |
0,25% |
|
Dexamethasone |
0,1% |
|
Dexpanthenol |
5% |
|
Dextranomer |
64% |
not used in Germany! |
diflorasone-17,21-acetate |
0,05% |
|
diflucortolone-21-valerate |
0,1-0,3% |
|
Dimeticon |
10% |
|
Dimetine maleate |
0,1% |
|
Diphenhydramine HCl |
2% |
|
Dithranol |
0,1-3,0% |
|
Econazole |
1% |
not used in dermatics! |
Econazole Nitrate |
1% |
|
Erythromycin |
4% |
|
Estradiol |
0,1% |
(0.015% according to NRF) |
Estriol |
0,1% |
|
Ethacridine lactate |
1% |
|
Eucalyptol |
10% |
|
Fenticonazole nitrate |
2% |
|
flumetasone-21-pivalate |
0,02% |
|
Fluocinoline acetonide |
0,025% |
|
Fluocortolone-21-hexanoate (= Fluocortolone-21-caproate) |
0,25% |
|
Fluorouracil |
5% |
|
fluprednide-21-acetate |
0,1% |
|
Fluticasone propionate |
0,05% |
|
Fomocaine HCl |
4% |
|
Foscarnet Sodium |
2% |
|
Framycetin sulfate |
2% |
|
Fusidic acid |
2% |
|
Gentamicin sulphate |
0,2% |
Reserve antibiotic! |
Griseofulvin |
5% |
|
Halometason |
0,05% |
|
Urea |
10-40% |
|
Hexachlorophen |
1-3% |
|
Hydrargyrum sulf. rubr. |
10% |
obsolete! negative evaluation of mercury compounds! |
hydrocortisone |
1% |
|
Hydrocortisone aceponate |
0,127% |
|
hydrocortisone 17-butyrate |
0,1% |
|
hydrocortisone 21-acetate |
1% |
|
Hydrocortisone buteprate |
0,1% |
|
hydrocortisone 21-butyrate |
0,1% |
|
Hydroxyquinoline sulfate |
1% |
|
Idoxuridine |
0,2% |
|
Isoconazole |
1% |
not used in dermatics! |
Isoconazole Nitrate |
1% |
|
Isotretinoin |
0,1% |
|
Potassium iodide |
35% |
|
Ketoconazole |
2% |
|
Lidocaine HCl |
5% |
|
Liq. alum. acet. |
10-20% |
|
Liquor carbonis detergens |
10% |
(20% according to NRF) |
meclocycline-5-sulfosalicylate |
1,5% |
|
Menthol |
0,1-10% |
|
Merbromine |
2% |
in Germany no longer used in dermatics! |
Methylprednisolone |
0,25% |
|
Methylprednisolone aceponate |
0,1% |
|
methyl salicylate |
4-50% |
|
Metronidazole |
2% |
(3% according to NRF) |
Miconazole Nitrate |
2% |
|
Lactic acid |
5% |
|
Miltefosine |
6% |
|
Mometason-17-(2-fuorat) |
0,1% |
|
Mupirocin-Calcium |
2,15% |
|
Naftifin-HCl |
1% |
|
Natamycin |
2% |
|
Sodium bituminosulfonate |
10% |
|
Sodium chloride |
10% |
|
Neomycin sulfate |
0,5% |
|
Benzyl nicotinate |
0,3-10% |
|
Nitrofurazone |
0,2% |
|
Nystatin |
100 000 IU/g |
|
Omoconazole nitrate |
1% |
in Germany there is no dermatological product with this active ingredient on the market anymore! |
oxiconazole nitrate |
1,15% |
|
Oxytetracycline-HCl |
3% |
|
Peru Balsam |
10% |
allergenic! obsolete! |
Pheniramine hydrogen maleate |
1,25% |
in Germany no longer used in dermatics! |
Phenolum liquefactum |
1% |
must no longer be applied to the skin or oral mucosa! |
Piperonyl butoxide |
3% |
|
pix betulinae |
5% |
|
pix juniperi |
5% |
|
pix lithanthracis |
10% |
|
Polidocanol |
8% |
|
polymyxin B |
0,2% |
|
Polyvidon Iodine |
10% |
|
Prednicarbate |
0,25% |
|
Prednisolone |
0,25-0,5% |
|
Prednisolone acetate |
0,5% |
|
Procaine HCl |
2% |
|
Pyrogallol |
2% |
|
Quinisocaine |
0,5% |
|
Resorcin |
5% |
negative benefit-risk assessment! should no longer be prescribed! |
Salicylic acid |
10% |
|
Sulphur |
10% |
|
Selenium disulfide |
2,5% |
|
Sertaconazole Nitrate |
2% |
|
Silver nitrate |
10% |
|
Sorbic acid |
0,1% |
|
Sulfadiazine Silver |
1% |
|
Sulphisomidine |
5% |
negative benefit-risk assessment due to sensitization! |
Tannin |
20% |
|
Terbinafine HCl |
1% |
|
Testosterone propionate |
2% |
|
Tetracaine HCl |
0,5% |
|
Tetracycline-HCl |
3% |
|
Thymol |
2% |
|
Tiabendazole |
10% |
|
Tioconazole |
1% |
|
Tobramycin |
0,3% |
|
Tolciclat |
1% |
|
Tolnaftat |
1% |
|
Tretinoin |
0,1% |
|
triamcinolone acetonide |
0,1% |
|
Trifluridine |
2% |
|
Tromantadine HCl |
1% |
|
Tyrothricin |
0,1% |
|
Undecylenic acid |
2% |
|
Vidarabin |
3% |
|
Zinc oxide |
25% |
|
Zinc undecylenate |
10% |
Active substance |
Optimum stability (pH value) |
Remarks |
Aluminium chloride hexahydrate |
2,3-3,5 |
|
Betamethasone dipropionate |
4 |
light sensitive |
betamethasone 17-valerate |
3,5 |
first isomerisation, then hydrolysis of the ester |
Chloramphenicol |
7,4 |
in borate buffer |
2-7 |
only 30 days stable at room temperature |
|
Chlorhexidine digluconate |
5-8 |
Optimum effect: pH 8 |
Clindamycin dihydrogen phosphate |
3,5-6,5 |
|
Clioquinol (e.g. Vioform) |
weakly acidic |
sensitive to light and moisture |
clobetasol-17-propionate |
4-6 |
Hydrolysis |
Clotrimazole |
7-8 |
Hydrolysis at pH < 5 |
dexamethasone |
3,5 |
side chains at alkaline pH; sensitive to oxidation |
Dexpanthenol |
3-7 |
|
Dithranol (e.g. cignoline) |
weakly acidic |
sensitive to oxidation: oxidation protection with salicylic acid required |
Erythromycin |
8,5 |
Decomposition at acidic pH values within a few hours |
Ethacridine-lactate (e.g. Rivanol) |
|
light sensitive |
Gentamicin sulfate |
2-14 |
in buffer solutions; optimum effect at pH 7.8 |
Urea |
6,2 |
Add lactate buffer from the NRF |
Hexachlorophen * |
5-6 |
bactericidal; bacteriostatic at pH 8 |
Hydrocortisone |
6-7 |
photostable in the presence of metal ions, oxygen and light |
Hydrocortisone acetate |
4,5 |
photostable in the presence of metal ions, oxygen and light; hydrolysis of the ester |
Metronidazole |
5 |
|
Nystatin |
5-7 |
light-sensitive; aqueous solution can be kept in the refrigerator for 1 week |
Oxytetracycline-HCl |
2 |
Optimum effect: pH 5.5-6.5 |
Prednisolone |
6-7 |
physically unstable: crystal formation in water-rich media; photostable: UV light (ring A) |
Prednisolone acetate |
4,5 |
Hydrolysis of the ester |
Resorcin * |
|
unstable when exposed to light and air; stabilizers in ointments are e.g. ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol |
Tetracaine HCl |
3-4-6 |
|
Tetracycline-HCl |
|
Optimum effect: pH 6.1-6.6; in water-containing vehicles, can be kept in the refrigerator for 7 days |
Tretinoin |
5 |
unstable when exposed to light and air; antioxidant addition required; crystallinity |
Triamcinolone acetonide |
7 |
Ketal residue of the compound is cleavable by acids |
Triclosan |
5 |
effective in the range pH 4-8; bactericidal effective at pH 5 (optimum effect!); bacteriostatic effective at pH 8 |
vitamin A palmitate |
4-6 |
more stable than acetate |