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Garlic
Synonym(s)
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
A spice and medicinal plant from the allium family (Alliaceae). The garlic bulb is a roundish to egg-shaped white bulb with a diameter of around 3.0 cm and a pungent odor. Several secondary bulbs are usually attached to the main bulb. Allium sativum is the parent plant of Allii sativi bulbus , a drug that has been positively monographed by Commission E and the WHO.
HMPC monograph: traditional herbal medicinal product for the prevention of arteriosclerosis, also for alleviating the symptoms of the common cold.
The quality of garlic powder is defined in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).
ESCOP - Monograph: preventive against atherosclerosis, for elevated blood lipid levels which cannot be adequately controlled by dietary measures, supportive for high blood pressure; also for infections and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.
Commission E-Monography: support for dietary measures in the case of elevated blood lipid levels and for the prevention of age-related vascular changes
Empirical medicine: adjuvant for lowering blood pressure, digestive complaints, improving vigilance, anthelmintic for pinworms
IngredientsThis section has been translated automatically.
Ingredients of the fresh garlic bulb: sulphur-containing gamma-glutamyl peptides, odorless, water-soluble (S-allylcysteine sulphoxide). Furthermore, several enzymes such as oxidases, catalases, dehydrogenases, lyases and various vitamins. vitamins. After subsequent crushing, alliin produces the degradation products allicin (unstable) and ajoene. Alliin
The different processing methods result in different compositions of the preparations.
Garlic oil (Oleum Allii sativi), an essential oil, is obtained by steam distillation of the garlic bulb. Garlic oil contains mainly diallyl disulphide (60%), which is responsible for the characteristic odor, as well as tri- and polysulphides; furthermore alliiin and ajoene in variable composition.
OccurrenceThis section has been translated automatically.
Field of application/useThis section has been translated automatically.
One of the oldest medicinal and spice plants on earth. In India, China, Africa and the Balkan countries, its healing power has been well known for centuries, which explains its high consumption. Even folk medicine in our latitudes has been using garlic since ancient times for its antibacterial, fungicidal (the biologically active ingredient of garlic "Ajoen" has proven fungicidal properties), antiseptic, spasmolytic, carminative, anthelmintic and other effects in a wide variety of remedies for treating gastrointestinal complaints, various skin diseases, inflammations, rheumatism, ulcers, cramps, pain, etc.
DosageThis section has been translated automatically.
Average daily dose 4 g fresh garlic cloves
EMA: for the prevention of arteriosclerosis. Single dose: in powder form: 300 mg to 750 mg , daily dose: 900-1380 mg divided into 3-5 single doses, in liquid form: single dose: 110-220 mg 4 times / day, daily dose: 440-880 mg .
for colds: single dose: 100-200 mg 1-2 times / day, daily dose: 100-400 mg
Undesirable effectsThis section has been translated automatically.
Gastrointestinal complaints or allergic reactions. Change in bleeding time, no combination with warfarin sodium.
ContraindicationThis section has been translated automatically.
Patients on saquinavir/ritonavir therapy: risk of decrease in plasma concentration with loss of virological response and possible resistance to one or more components of the antiretroviral preparation.
As drug: children and adolescents under 18 years of age.
In the absence of sufficient data, use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
InteractionsThis section has been translated automatically.
Oral anticoagulation therapy and/or an antiplatelet agent: bleeding times may be prolonged
Patients on saquinavir/ritonavir therapy: risk of decrease in plasma concentration with loss of virological response and possible resistance to one or more components of the antiretroviral drug.
Trade namesThis section has been translated automatically.
- Beni-cur N® coated film-coated tablet
- Kwai forte® 300 mg coated tablets (300mg garlic bulb powder). Dosage depending on tolerance up to 3x1 Drg./day
- Kwai N Dragees® (100mg garlic bulb powder). Dosage depending on tolerance up to 3x3 dragees/day
- Sapec® coated tablets (300mg garlic powder). Dosage: 3x1 daily 1 Drg.
Note(s)This section has been translated automatically.
Garlic consumption should be avoided for 7 days prior to surgery due to the postoperative bleeding risk.
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Ammon H et al (2014). Hunnius pharmaceutical dictionary. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Berlin/Boston pp 62-64.
- Hausen BM, Vieluf K (1997) Allergy plants, plant allergens. Ecomed Verlag Landsberg/Munich 65-67
- Ledezema E et al (1996) Efficacy of ajoene, an organsulphur derived from garlic, in the short-term therapy of tinea pedis. Mycoses 39: 393-395
- Loew D (2012) In: Beer A M et al [eds] Leitfaden Naturheilverfahren für die ärztliche Praxis, Urban und Fischer Verlag p 166f.
- https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-allium-sativum-l-bulbus_en.pdf
- https://arzneipflanzenlexikon.info/knoblauch.php
- Wenigmann M. (2017) Phytotherapy medicinal drugs, phytopharmaceuticals, application. Urban & Fischer, pp. 139-140
- https://pflanzen.fnr.de/industrial-plants/medicinal-plants/pflanzen-datenbank.
- Miller LG (1998) Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 9;158(20):2200-2211. doi: 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2200. PMID: 9818800.