s. under buckthorn, fine-leaved, the dried bark of the stems and twigs is of phytotherapeutic importance.
Quality is specified in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).
HMPC monograph: well-established use: Internal: short-term treatment of constipation, 1 week
ESCOP monograph: short-term treatment of constipation.
Commission e-monograph: constipation