Spirochaetales

Spirochaetaceae with the genera of human pathogenic importance:

Treponema

with the pathogenic species:

• Treponema carateum (Pinta)
• Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum(Syphilis)
• Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum(Bejel)
• Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue(Frambösie)
• Treponema vincenti(Angina plaut- Vincenti)

with the apathogenic species:

• Treponema minutum (genital mucosa)
• Treponema phagedenis (genital mucosa)
• Treponema denticula (oral cavity)
• Brachyspira aalborgi (intestinal mucosa)

Borrelia (mostly rodents are hosts, various ectoparasites serve as vectors)

with the pathogenic species

• Borrelia recurrentis (worldwide/louse fever)
• Borrelia dutonii (Africa/tick-borne relapsing fever)
• Borrelia burgdorferi (Europe/North America/Borreliosis - Lyme disease)
• Borrelia garinii (Europe/Borreliosis - Lyme disease)
• Borrelia afzelii (Europe/Borreliosis - Lyme disease)
• Borrelia spielmanii (Europe/Borreliosis - Lyme disease)

Leptospira (typical anthropozoonoses occurring worldwide)

with the pathogenic species (Leptospira interrogans, subdivision into 200 serovars)

• Leptospira icterohaemorrhgiae (Morus Weil)
• Leptospira canicola (Canicola fever)
• Leptospira bataviae (field mud fever, harvest fever)

The subspecies Treponema carateum (Pinta), Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (syphilis) and Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum (Bejel) hardly differ from each other genetically. They are only listed separately due to their different clinical courses.