The OASL gene (OASL stands for: 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase Like) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12q24.3. Activities associated with this gene include RNA binding and double-stranded RNA binding. An important paralog of this gene is OAS1.
OASL gene
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The encoded OASL protein enables DNA binding activity and double-stranded RNA binding activity. It is involved in several processes, including the interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway, the negative regulation of viral genome replication and the positive regulation of the RIGI signaling pathway. The protein is located in the cytosol, nucleolus and nucleoplasm.
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Diseases associated with OASL include microphthalmia with limb abnormalities and West Nile fever. Associated pathways include antiviral pathways through IFN-stimulated genes and cytokine signaling in the immune system.
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The OAS gene family (oligoadenylate synthetase gene family) consists of a cluster of four genes: OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and OASL. Except for OASL (OAS like protein), their gene products have 2'5' OAS enzyme activities (Rebouillat D et al. 1999). The genes OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3 are encoded by a tightly linked locus on 12q24.1. The additional member of the human OAS family, the OASL gene, is located on 12q24.3. The OAS1 gene encodes five isoforms of oligoadenylate synthetases (p42, p44, p46, p48 and p52) (Rebouillat D et al. 1998).
The 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase1 is an enormously important sensor for cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and thus plays a decisive role in limiting viral infections. Activation of the latent ribonuclease(RNase L) stops viral replication and establishes an antiviral state. The importance of the OAS/RNase L pathway is demonstrated by the fact that different viruses have developed numerous different strategies to circumvent the effects of OAS activation. How OAS synthetases are regulated by viral or cellular RNAs is not yet fully understood (Schwartz SL et al. 2019).
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