MIF Gene

The MIF gene (MIF stands for "Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor") is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 22q11.23.

The MIF gene encodes a pro-inflammatory lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immune regulation and inflammation. The lymphokine "Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor" plays a role in regulating macrophage function in host defense by suppressing the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. It is thus involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens (Calandra T et al 2003). The MIF protein and JAB1 protein form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may indicate an additional role in integrin signaling pathways. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro). However, the physiological substrate is not known.

Diseases associated with MIF include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile arthritis, and systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease (Bilsborrow JB et al. 2019).

1. Bilsborrow JB et al (2019) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 23: 733-744.
2. Calandra T et al (2003) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 3: 791-800.
3. Kim KW et al (2016) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Intern Med 31: 634-642.