Interferon signalling

Type I interferons such as IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, IFN-ω play an essential role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Activation of the common type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) leads to transcription of multiple immunogenic genes, which is known as type 1 interferon (IFN) signalling (Mathian A et al 2015). The type 1 IFN signature can be measured (using either PCR or microarray technologies) by measuring interferon-induced transcripts in blood leukocytes ("total IFN score for the diagnosis of SLE")

Type I interferons affect different leukocyte subpopulations in different ways, inducing both cell-specific interferon signatures and shifts in overall blood composition. These gene signatures are considered promising new biomarkers for monitoring disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

For example, whole blood interferon signatures are currently considered the standard method for indirect measurement of type I interferon activity in SLE (Yurkovich M et al 2014).

Although the term "Type I IFN signature" is frequently used, a conventional definition of this signature does not yet exist. Neither the selection of IFN-induced transcripts nor materials or techniques are standardized.

1. Mathian a et al (2015) Targeting interferons in systemic lupus erythematosus: current and future prospects. Drugs 75:835-846
2. Yurkovich M et al (2014) Overall and cause-specific mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Care Res 66:608-616