IL1A Gene

The IL1A gene (interleukin-1 alpha) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2q14.1. The protein encoded by the IL1A gene is a member of the interleukin-1 cytokine family (see also IL1B gene). The IL1A gene and eight other genes of the interleukin-1 family form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.

The encoded cytokine IL1alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes and hematopoiesis. It is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein that is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury.

IL-1 produced by activated macrophages stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing the release of IL2, maturation and proliferation of B cells, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL1 proteins are involved in inflammatory responses, are identified as endogenous pyrogens. They stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.

1. Kim JS et al (2021) Immunopathogenesis and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Theranostics 11:316-329.
2. Van Damme J et al (1985) Homogeneous interferon-inducing 22K factor is related to endogenous pyrogen and interleukin-1. Nature 314:266-268.