IFN Gamma Polyclonal antibody

Eworbored polyclonal interferon-gamma antibody that triggers immunodeficiency with severe T. marneffei infections in adults in HIV-negative patients in regions where T. marneffei is endemic (Southeast Asia). A high prevalence of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies associated with the HLA class II alleles DRB1*16:02 and DQB1*05:02 is apparently responsible for this. Furthermore, anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies are the cause of AOID, the "Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Syndrome", also known as "AIDS-like syndrome". AOID usually occurs in previously healthy people and usually manifests itself through chronic, recurring infections that are difficult to control.

Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (anti-IFN-gamma-IgG) inhibit biological activity on IFN-gamma-dependent phosphorylation of STAT-1 as well as IFN-gamma-dependent upregulation of TNF-alpha and interleukin-12. Since anti-type IFN (IFN-I) autoantibodies also play an important role in the development of COVID-19, pre-existing anti-IFN-I autoantibodies are associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Put simply, anti-IFN autoantibodies with high titers in serum, regardless of the type of interferons, interrupt the activation of the downstream response pathway by blocking the connection between IFNs and their receptors, leading to an increased infection rate (Chen LF et al. 2021).

Measurement of STAT1 phosphorylation index in whole blood leukocytes and antigen capture assay are simple and useful methods for detection of anti-IFN-γ-neutralizing autoantibodies and are valuable for pathophysiological diagnosis of disseminated NTM patients without obvious immunodeficiency (Shima K et al. 2014).

1. Chen LF et al. (2021) Anti-Interferon Autoantibodies in Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Severe COVID-19 Infection. Front Immunol. 12:788368
2. Hase I et al. (2015) Disseminated Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium mantenii infection with elevated anti-IFN-γ neutralizing autoantibodies. J Infect Chemother 21:468-472.
3. Patel SY et al. (2005) Anti-IFN-gamma autoantibodies in disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. J Immunol 175:4769-4776.
4. Shima K et al. (2014) Novel assay to detect increased level of neutralizing anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies in non-tuberculous mycobacterial patients. J Infect Chemother 20:52-56.