Idiopathic cyclic edema (IE) is a syndrome in which there is real (but sometimes perceived) weight gain due to pathological fluid retention. This syndrome of generalized edema occurs almost exclusively in women.
The word ''cyclic'' in this context describes the alternation between symptom-free and symptomatic periods, which may proceed in a regular or irregular form.
The regular form represents the leading symptom of premenstrual syndrome. Symptoms are present in the second half of the menstrual cycle, and the first phase is symptom-free. The irregular form also shows an undulating course, but it is not closely tied to the menstrual cycle. In some patients, edema-free and edematous phases alternate; in others, only an alternating degree of discomfort is found; symptom freedom no longer occurs.