A gain-of-function mutation is the opposite of a loss-of-function mutation. Here, the protein produced has an expanded function. This is the case in some types of cancer. Mutated proteins can thereby cause excessive cell growth, for example.
Gain of function mutation
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A mutation is a permanent change in the genetic material. The following types of mutations are distinguished: gene mutation , chromosome mutation , genome mutation. Mutations can occur spontaneously e.g. during DNA replication or meiosis. Mutation can also be induced e.g. by mutagens. Induced mutation: Factors outside the cell (mutagens), can also cause mutations. These are, for example, high-energy radiation, such as X-rays or UV radiation, as well as certain chemical compounds or special viruses. The following inheritance patterns are known:
- Somatic mutation (confined to body cells only).
- Germline mutations (the mutation is passed on to offspring).
Mutations are divided into the following forms:
- silent mutation
- neutral mutation
- loss-of-function mutation
- gain-of-function mutation
- conditional mutation
- lethal mutation