Juvenile polyposis of childhoodD12.6
Synonym(s)
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by juvenile hamarous polyps in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
ClassificationThis section has been translated automatically.
A distinction is made between 3 forms, which differ in the location of the polyps:
- generalized juvenile polyposis of the upper and lower digestive tract
- juvenile polyposis coli juvenile gastric polyposis
- more severe infantile form
Occurrence/EpidemiologyThis section has been translated automatically.
Prevalence: Unknown; estimated annual incidence is between 1:100,000 and 1:15,000.
EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.
Mutations in the genes SMAD4 (18q21.1) and BMPR1A (10q22.3) are detected in 40% of patients. Gastric polyposis is more frequently found in SMAD4 carriers than in BMPR1A carriers. In about 25% of SMAD4 mutation carriers, JPS is associated with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Teleangiectasia (Juvenile Polyposis/Hereditary Haemorrhagic Teleangiectasia Syndrome).
ManifestationThis section has been translated automatically.
Infancy, childhood, youth, adulthood
Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.
In all subtypes of JIP the clinical signs are isolated bleeding in the rectum, anemia, abdominal pain, intussusception and diarrhea. Rectal prolapse and spontaneous anal excretion of polyps has been observed in juvenile polyposis coli and in generalized juvenile polyposis.
DiagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
Composite diagnosis consisting of clinical picture, family history, endoscopic findings and histological analysis of the polyps, molecular analysis.
> 5 juvenile polyps in the colon and/or rectum; juvenile polyps in the entire digestive tract including the stomach; any number of polyps in cases of JIP in the family.
Differential diagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
Other syndromes with polyposis: Cowden's syndrome; Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Familial adenomatous polyposis and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Complication(s)This section has been translated automatically.
Possible accompanying symptoms are growth retardation and edema.
TherapyThis section has been translated automatically.
If the number of polyps remains low, endoscopic polypectomy is the therapeutic gold standard. Because of the risk of carcinoma and a further extension of the polyposis, surgical intervention of a colectomy with proctectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis can also be recommended.
Progression/forecastThis section has been translated automatically.
The prognosis of JIP is determined by the risk of developing gastrointestinal or pancreatic carcinoma after the age of 20. The cumulative risk of developing a malignoma in patients with JIP is 20% at age 35 and 68% at age 60. The cancer risk is even higher in patients with generalized juvenile polyposis.