Trichomonas colpitisA59.0
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Infection of the vagina with Trichomonas vaginalis, s.a. Trichomonadenurethritis.
Occurrence/EpidemiologyThis section has been translated automatically.
Trichomonas vaginalis infections occur worldwide. They are among the most common STI pathogens.
Prevalence (worldwide): 250 million infected persons per year. In some tropical countries, trichomonads are the most common cause of genital infections.
The prevalence in women is estimated at 3-48%, depending on the population studied.
EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.
Almost exclusively transmission through sexual intercourse. Indirect transmission (towels, toilet seats, etc.) is possible but rare. Contagiousness persists during the duration of the infection.
ManifestationThis section has been translated automatically.
Affected are mainly adults. Infections in newborns are rare (transmission of the pathogens from mother to child at birth).
Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.
The incubation period is 4-21 days, on average 7 days. In women the infection can persist for a long time, in men only for a short time.
Most infected men and women are asymptomatic (men 70-100%; women: 35-85%).
The urogenital infectious disease typically manifests itself in women as vaginitis and urethritis. Clinical symptoms are: pruritus, foamy fluoride vaginalis, reddened vaginal skin, brown-red, edematous, indurated infiltrates, slight ulcerations on the surface. Trichomonas granuloma.
DiagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
Vaginal swab: Microscopic pathogen detection in native material (low sensitivity)
PCR (e.g. OSOM® Trichomonas test) is clearly superior to microscopic detection and should be used due to its high sensitivity and specificity (Nenhoff et al. 2017).
The cultural cultivation of the pathogens is possible in special nutrient media, but requires special laboratory equipment and experience. The result is available in 4-7 days.
Complication(s)This section has been translated automatically.
Complications in women include infections of the adnexa, endometrium and Bartholin glands with the risk of sterility. Pregnant women may experience premature rupture of the bladder and premature birth.
Complications in men include orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis and infertility.
TherapyThis section has been translated automatically.
According to the trichomoniasis. Partner co-treatment!
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Coleman JS et al (2013) Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis in obstetrics and gynecology practice: new concepts and controversies. Obstetrics Gynecol Surv 68:43-50.
- El-Sherbini GT et al.(2009) Efficacy of two plant extracts against vaginal trichomoniasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39:47-58.
- Keating MA et al (2015) Trichomonas vaginalis infection in a Tertiary Care Vaginitis Center. Sex Transm Dis 42:482-485.
- Masese LN et al (2011) A prospective study of vaginal trichomoniasis and HIV-1 shedding in women on antiretroviral therapy. BMC Infect Dis 11:307.
- Nenoff P et al (2017) Nonviral sexually transmitted infections-epidemiology, clinical manifestations,
diagnostic workup, therapy: Part 3: Treponemes, Gardnerella and trichomonads. Dermatologist 68:136-148. - van Schalkwyk J et al.(2015) Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 37:266-276.