Sebaceous gland hyperplasia neonatal - Altmeyers Encyclopedia

Synonym(s)

Infant sebaceous gland hyperplasia; neonatal sebaceous gland hyperplasia

Definition
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Seboglandular proliferation disorder with formation of 2-5 mm large yellow papules and seborrhea.

Occurrence/Epidemiology
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Present in more than 50% of newborns. The prevalence correlates with the degree of maturity, thus less frequent in premature babies.

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Etiopathogenesis
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Stimulation of the sebaceous gland follicles by maternal androgens. Due to persistent androgenic stimuli, sebaceous gland hyperplasia is more frequent and longer lasting in breastfed children. It usually subsides after 4-6 months.

Localization
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Located mainly centrofacially, preferably on the bridge of the nose, forehead or cheeks.

Clinical features
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Isolated standing or disseminated sowing of densely aggregated, 0.2-0.5 cm large, skin-coloured or yellowish-reddish, centrally slightly dented papules. Mostly accompanied by seborrhoea (Seborrhoea oleosa).

Differential diagnosis
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Milia: no centrofacial accentuation; roundish with firm consistency

Acne infantum: centrofacial stress; inflammatory; pustular

Pityrosporum folliculitis of the infant: acute follicular pustules, face, neck, capillitium

Therapy
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Treatment not necessary.

Literature
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Kaufmann R (1987) Diffuse (presenile) sebaceous gland hyperplasia, a new entity? dermatologist 38: 31-35
Zouboulis C et al (2003) Ciclosporin A - induced sebaceous glands hyperplasia. Br J Dermatol 149: 198-200