Multiresistant bacteria

Insensitivity (resistance) of bacteria to antibiotics of different classes.

Multi-resistant bacteria include:

• MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (see there). 3 MRSA groups are distinguished:
  • Health-Care or Hospital acquired MRSA. (Special form: hospital associated community onset MRSA, only occurring after discharge from hospital)
  • CA-MRSA: Community acquired MRSA)
  • LA-MRSA: Livestock acquired MRSA (MRSA that occurs during animal fattening
• AER: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
• ESBL: Exented Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Builder in Enterobacteriaceae, especially in Escherichia coli and Klebsiellen
• CRE: Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria; enterobacteria produced by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria.
• Quinolone-resistant enterobacteria
• Stentotrophomonas maltophilia (multi-resistant environmental germ in immunodeficient patients)
• MRGN: Multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: 3 MRGN , 4 MRGN = germs resistant to 3 or 4 antibiotics: 1. acylureidopenicillin, 2. 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins, 3. carbapenems, fluoroquinolones)
• MBL formers (pathogens with metallobetalactamases)
• MDR-Tb (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis)
• XDR-Tb (Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis)

Improper and uncontrolled use of antibiotics, lack of hygiene in hospitals, addition of glycopeptide antibiotics in animal fattening.

Recommendations for the prevention of transmission of multi-resistant pathogens are compiled, for example, in the Recommendations for the prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) in hospitals and other medical facilities and hygiene measures in case of infection or colonisation with multi-resistant Gram-negative rods (MRGN).

In the past decade, the focus has been on Gram-positive infectious agents such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA) and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (AER). Increasingly, however, Gram-negative infectious agents are appearing, which are resistant to all betalactam antibiotics in addition to other antibiotic groups.

Only in recent years has the occurrence of antibiotic resistance been systematically recorded and documented. On the basis of this data, it is possible to take targeted preventive measures, since the infection paths and distribution of the most common pathogens are known.