Matrix metalloproteinases

• Collagenases
• Gelatinases
• Stromelysine
• Membrane-associated matrix metalloproteinases (membrane-type; MT1-MMP, MT2-MMP)
• More MMP's.

MMPs have physiological functions in processes in which the formation of new basement membranes takes place (e.g. fetal growth of skin and skin appendages, wound healing, angiogenesis) and are involved in pathological processes with undesired degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membranes. The expression of MMPs is regulated by a complex interplay of inducers (including IL-1, PFGF, UVB rays, TNF-α, growth factors) and suppressors or inhibitors (including retinoids, heparin, glucocorticoids, natural tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), tetracyclines, antracyclines).

Matrix metalloproteinases are expressed on the surface of inflammatory cells and support eosinophil granulocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes, histiocytes and other cells during migration in inflammatory processes. Reduced expression of MMPs leads to increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the skin during fibrosis processes. The degradation of basement membranes and the formation of tumor blood vessels is supported by MMPs in carcinogenesis processes.

• Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in pathological processes in:
  • Lichen planus
  • fibrosis
  • scleroderma
  • keloids
  • Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica inversa
  • Wound healing
  • Lipodermatosclerosis
  • Ulcus cruris venosum
  • Skin aging (influence of UV light)
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Malignant melanoma

1. Baker AH (2002) Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities. J Cell Sci 115: 3719-3727
2. Brenneisen P et al (2002) Ultraviolet-B irradiation and matrix metalloproteinases: from induction via signaling to initial events. Ann N Y Acad Sci 973: 31-43
3. Chen GS et al (2006) Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by fibroblasts in co-cultures with keratinocytes, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma. J Dermatol Sep 33: 609-615
4. Heroy Y et al (1999) Gene and protein family of matrix metalloproteinases. dermatologist 50: 825-836
5. Hofmann UB et al (2002) Importance of matrix-degrading enzymes for melanoma progression. dermatologist 53: 587-595
6. Pilcher BK et al (1999) Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibition in cutaneous wound healing and allergic contact hypersensitivity. Ann NY Acad Sci 878: 12-24