Mage-a3

Synonym(s)

Melanoma-associated antigen 3

History
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Protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGE-A3 gene. The MAGE-A3 gene (MAGE stands for "melanoma associated antigen gene") is a member of the "melanoma-associated antigen gene family" (MAGE superfamily) located on chromosome Xq28. The MAGE gene group has been implicated in dyskeratosis congenita.

The MAGE-A3 protein is a tumor-specific protein that has been identified in a number of malignancies, including malignant melanoma (see names), non-small cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinomas and various lymphomas. lymphomas.

The MAGE-A3 protein is not detected in normal body cells. Its detection on tumor cells has been associated with poor prognosis. Thus, high levels of MAGE-A3 in adenocarcinomas of the lung are associated with shorter survival.

Note(s)
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GlaxoSmithKline developed a vaccine (not yet approved) against the MAGE-A3 protein. The vaccine is a fusion protein of MAGE-A3 and the Haemophilus influenzae protein D, combined with an immunoadjuvant. First study results were already presented in 2007. A randomized Phase II study examined MAGE-A3-ASCI in combination with two different adjuvant systems in a total of 72 patients with metastatic MAGE-A3-positive malignant melanoma of the skin. The patients received immunotherapy either in combination with the adjuvant AS15 or with AS02B as first-line treatment. A complete or partial response was observed in 4 patients in the AS15 group. Without adjuvant 1 patient showed a short-term partial response. The adverse events were mild or moderate local or systemic responses. Further study results are awaited.

Literature
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Olarte I et al (2011) MAGE-A3 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematology 16:368-372
Park JH et al (2012) Usefulness of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) in making the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 41:20-29
van der Bruggen P et al (1992) A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma". Science 254: 1643-1647
Russo V et al.l (2011) A Clinical Study of a Cell-Based MAGE-A3 Active Immunotherapy in Advanced Melanoma Patients. J Cancer 2:329-330
Kähler KC et al (2011) Adjuvant systemic treatment of melanoma. Dermatologist 62: 416-22