Lymphoproliferative diseases EBV-induced

Last updated on: 01.04.2025

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Definition
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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects almost everyone in the world. EBV target cells include the naso-pharyngeal epithelia and B lymphocytes, which carry the CD21 antigen as "EBV receptors". Most EBV-infected B lymphocytes are quickly destroyed and eliminated if the immune system is intact.

However, a small residual population of surviving B lymphocytes can cause lifelong persistence. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases comprise a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases ranging from benign, self-limiting infections to aggressive lymphomas. The diseases mainly affect B-cell proliferates, but also proliferates in which T cells and/or NK cells dominate. In addition, immunosuppression or certain genetic constellations increase the risk of malignant progression. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, histopathology and immunohistopathology, as well as specific EBV diagnostics (EBV-PCR, EBV-EBER in situ hybridization).

Classification
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Acute lymphoproliferative diseases EBV-induced

Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases, EBV-induced

Chronic EBV viral infections with associated T-cell and NK-cell lymphoproliferations

Literature
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  1. Hooper MJ et al. (2023) Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphomatoid Papules: A Sign of Immunosuppression Resembling Lymphomatoid Papulosis. Am J Dermatopathol 45: 789-800.
  2. Hue SS et al. (2020) Epstein-Barr virus-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: an update and diagnostic approach. Pathology 52:111-127.
  3. Lindsay J et al. (2020) Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder prevention strategies in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Rev Med Virol 30:e2108.
  4. Quintanilla-Martinez L et al. (2023) New concepts in EBV-associated B, T, and NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Virchows Arch 482:227-244.

Last updated on: 01.04.2025