Kyasanur forest disease A98.2

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

Synonym(s)

KFD; Kyasanur forest disease; Kyasanur-forest-disease

Definition
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Tick-borne flavivirus infection (arbovirosis)

Pathogen
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Order: Nidovirales, Family: Flaviviridae, Genus Arbovirus

Occurrence/Epidemiology
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Discovered 1955-1957 in a forest area on the southwest coast of India (Mysore); described as a zoonosis that affected several monkeys ("monkey disease"); later humans also became ill; initially classified as a variant of Russian encephalitis, in 1990 it was recognised as a separate disease.

Occurrence in western India (Mysore) and north-east Pakistan

Enzootic between ticks and small rodents, monkey and man are random hosts

Clinical features
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Incubation period: 3-8 days

Headache, myalgia, arthralgia

from the 3rd day on, in case of severe disease progression, bleeding tendency from the nasal-oral mucosa and gastrointestinal tract

after 1-2 weeks of disease-free interval, renewed increase in fever, encephalitis, bradycardia, lymphadenopathy (cervical and axillary), hypotension

The disease leaves homologous immunity.

Laboratory
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Leukopenia, thrombopenia, prolongation of bleeding time

Leucuria, proteinuria

Increase in transaminases

Protein and sugar increase in the liquor lumbalis

Diagnosis
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Virus isolation and serotyping of the virus from the viremic blood on the 3rd to 6th (2nd to 12th) day of the disease (cross-reactions within the flaviviruses)

Complication(s)
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hemorrhagic forms

delayed convalescence with psychoneurovegetative symptoms

Residues rare

Mortality low at 3-5

Therapy
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Symptomatic.

Prophylaxis
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Exposure prophylaxis against ticks (like repellents [e.g. Icaridin])

Tick control

Vaccine (killed, purified KFD viruses) regionally available.

Note(s)
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As early as 1957 there were reports of a fatal disease in monkeys in the Kyasanur jungle of the Shinoga district in India. The pathogen heard is related to the tick-borne encephalitis virus, the causative agent of Omsk hemorrhagic fever and West Nile virus.

According to IfSG §6, suspected illness, illness and death from virus-induced haemorrhagic fever must be reported.

Literature
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  1. Nielsen G et al (1996) Kyasanur-Wald disease. Virus diseases. In: Knobloch (edit.): Tropical and Travel Medicine. P. 295-296. Gustav Fischer 1996.

Outgoing links (1)

Repellent;

Disclaimer

Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.

Authors

Last updated on: 29.10.2020