Hyperhidrosis axillarisR61.03

Hyperhidrosis axillaris is characterized by at least 6 months of excessive sweating without known cause and additionally by 2 of the following factors:

• bilateral and symmetrical sweating
• Impairment of daily activity
• Frequency of occurrence at least once a week
• Age at onset of the disease < 25 years
• positive family history
• Reduction of sweating during sleep.

S.a. Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale test.

Clinic with the demonstrably increased sweat secretion. Minor sweating test: Remove sweat from the armpit, brush the sweat gland field with alcoholic iodine tincture, allow to dry briefly, powder with wheat starch; blue-black discoloured areas indicate sweat gland activity. For quantification of sweat secretion gravimetry of both axils. For practical work, the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale test is sufficient.

• Cleaning and skin care: Regular hygiene of the armpits.
• This includes washing the armpits several times a day using deodorising syndets or soaps (Dermowas, Sebamed, etc.).
• Shaving: Remove underarm hairs to inhibit bacterial growth (Corynebacterium tenuis) (see Trichobacteriosis axillaris)
• Deodorants: Apply a deodorant several times a day to neutralize the unpleasant underarm odor. Powders have also proved effective.
• Clothing: Wear breathable shirts and undershirts cut as wide as possible (no synthetic fibres, cotton instead). No tight-fitting clothes.
• Use of antiperspirants.
• Iontophoresis: Initial: therapy trial with 10 min/day (pulse current device) 4-5 times/week for 3-4 weeks. If proven effective, continuation as home therapy with 3-4 treatments/week.
• Botulinum toxin: Only the preparation Botox is approved for the indication hyperhidrosis axillaris. The subdivision of the hyperhidrotic areas into 2 × 2 cm boxes has proven to be effective. Approximately 3 MU Botox (dilution: 100 MU Botox/5 ml 0.9% NaCl) are injected intradermally in a fan-shaped manner per box. The success of the therapy is monitored after 2-3 weeks. Remaining hyperhidrotic areas can be re-injected if necessary.
  Side effect: Painfulness of the injections.
  

  Notice!

  Therapies with botulinum toxin belong in the hands of an experienced doctor!

• Aluminium chloride hexahydrate gels are often successful when used consistently as first-line therapy (e.g. R004 or R006 ).
• Most commercially available antiperspirants contain aluminium salts as an efficacy determining ingredient.
• Among the commercially available preparations, SWEAT-OFF should be emphasized: for first application, apply once a day, in the evening before bedtime, for a maximum of 4 days. Then apply 1-2 times/week in the evening before going to bed.

• Anticholinergics, in particular Bornaprin (Sormodren Tbl.) can be tried in mild to moderate cases. Initially 2 mg/day for 1 week, then dose escalation to 4-8 mg/day as maintenance dose.
• Alternatively methanthelinium bromide (vagantine) 3 times/day 50mg =1 tbl. p.o.
• In addition to external measures, internal sage can be prescribed (e.g. 3 times/day 1 tbl. Salvysat plus Bürger tablets).

• In the case of axillary sweating which cannot be controlled conservatively, surgical intervention is indicated with the aim of reducing the number of apocrine (and eccrine) sweat glands. Surgical interventions are based on 3 therapeutic principles: subcutaneous curettage, open curettage with partial excision or excision of the sweat gland field with subsequent plastic covering.
• Subcutaneous curettage of the sweat glands: ITN, 2-3 cm long skin incision caudally of the sweat gland field; undermine the entire marked area with dissecting scissors, then curettage of the area with a sharp gynaecological curette both to the skin and to the fatty tissue side, suction drainage and closure of the incision site. The suction curettage showed good clinical results in a study with 25 patients.
• Sweat gland suction curettage: This low complication surgical procedure is a combination of inverse, sharp curettage of the dermal and subcutaneous apocrine glandular fields and liposuction.
• Open curettage, if necessary with partial excision: ITN, longitudinal elliptical 3-4 cm wide subtotal excision of the sweat gland field; subcutaneous mobilization of the sweat gland-bearing margins; sharp curettage; drainage; primary wound closure by subcutaneous and skin suture.
• Excision of the sweat gland field with subsequent plastic covering: ITN, different incisions adapted to the sweat gland field; closure by transposition or VY-plasty.
• Surgical measures such as endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) are often accompanied by neuropathic disorders and compensatory or reflex sweating. Nevertheless, > 90% of patients experience these side effects as less stressful than the symptoms of untreated hyperhidrosis.

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2. Hamm H et al (2006) Primary focal hyperhidrosis: disease characteristics and functional impairment. Dermatology 212: 343-353
3. Lonsdale-Eccles A et al (2003) Axillary hyperhidrosis: eccrine or apocrine? Clin Exp Dermatol 28: 2-7
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