Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis B42.8

Infectious disease occurring worldwide, which has become very rare in Europe, relatively common in developing countries, subacute or chronic, limited to the skin and subcutis, caused by pathogens of the Sporotrix schenkii complex.

The dimorphic fungus Sporotrix schenckii (Sporotrichon schenckii) is a soil saprophyte that lives in a climate with an average temperature of 20-25C° on rotting wood and dying plants. Therefore, the infection occurs mainly in the rural population.

Besides Sporotrix schenckii sensu stricto, the sporotrichon complex comprises 4 other species:

• S. albicans
• S.brasiliensis
• S.globosa
• S. Mexicana

Animals represent a reservoir of pathogens. Starting from dogs, cats, horses, muskrats, pigs, birds, reptiles (zoonosis), scratching or biting injuries can lead to infection.

Worldwide, North America, Japan, mainly tropics and subtropics, only sporadically in Europe. The only epidemic to date occurred in South Africa in the middle of the 20th century in mineworkers who were infected by mine wood infected by Sporotrix schenckii.

Inoculation of the pathogen through skin wounds (e.g. plant spines). Transmission through insect stings or as animal bites or scratches is also described.

Occurs mainly with gardeners, farmers or fishermen.

Mainly hands and feet, rare face, only very occasionally trunk and back (Verma S et al. 2019).

In fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis, days to months after a frequently unnoticed injury (mycosis lesions: e.g. spine injury - in American: rose gardner's disease) a crusty inflammatory papule develops at the site of the injury, which turns into a 4-5 cm large, blurred, crusty, verrucous plaque. Untreated, this lesion can heal spontaneously with scarring after years of progression. Recurrences in loco are possible.

Tuberculosis cutis luposa; tuberculosis cutis verrucosa; cutaneous leishmaniasis; chromomycosis; atypical mycobacteriosis;

S.u. sporotrichosis

With this form favorable.

de Beurmann CL, Gougerot H (1912) Les sporotrichoses. F. Alcan, Paris

1. Eisfelder M et al (1993) Experiences with 241 sporotrichosis cases in Chiba/Japan. dermatologist 44: 524-528
2. Kohler A (2000) Sporotrichosis--fixed cutaneous and lymphocutaneous form. dermatologist 51: 509-512
3. Lutz A, Splendore A (1907) Sobre uma mycose observada em homens e ratos (Contribuição para o conhecimento das assim chamadas sporotricoses). Rev Med São Paulo 10: 443-450
4. Nenoff P (2010) Sporotrichose. In: Plettenberg A, Meigel W, Schöfer H (Hrsg) Infectious diseases of the skin, S. 199-200. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart
5. Verma S et al (2019) Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis of Face with Verrucous Lesions: A Case Report.
   Indian Dermatol Online J 10:303-306.