Contraceptives, hormonal

Hormone preparations for contraception. They are classified as follows:

• Single-phase preparations (Pinkus Pill): Constant concentration of estrogen and progestin from the 5th to 25th day of the cycle, then a 7-day break; inhibition of ovulation by suppressing gonadotropin secretion, alteration of the cervical mucus (sperm ascension is inhibited), alteration of the endometrium. Pearl index: 0.
• Two-phase preparations: In the first half of the cycle, an estrogen alone or in combination with a low-dose progestin dose is taken, in the second half an estrogen-progestin mixture with a high progestin content; ovulation inhibition by suppressing gonadotropin secretion. Pearl index: 0,5-1.
• Three-phase preparations: In order to make the normal cycle more regular, estrogens and progestins are taken in three phases at different doses.
• Minipill: Continuous intake of a low-dose progestin; change in cervical mucus, no inhibition of ovulation.
• Depot preparations: I.m. Injection of a depot progestogen, usually medroxyprogesterone acetate, in a dose of 150 mg every 3 months; inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, affecting the cervical mucus and endometrium. Pearl index: 0.3-1.5.
• Morning after pill: post-coital (24-48 hrs p.c.) high doses of oestrogen (5 mg) are given for 3-5 days; inhibition of implantation of the fertilized egg.

Estrogen-related: hypermenorrhea, edema tendency, nausea, varicose veins, fluoride Progestin-related: hypermenorrhea, depression, loss of libido, increased appetite, seborrhea, acne, increased blood pressure. See also progestins, estrogens, estrogen-progestin combinations.