ChloracneL70.8

Author:Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

Acne; Chlorine acne; Halogen Acne; PERNA disease

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HistoryThis section has been translated automatically.

Herxheimer 1899

DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.

This is usually caused by accidental exposure to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, which are released, for example, in industrial accidents. Also in case of feed contamination and poisoning. Dioxin plays a special role in triggering chloracne. Perchloronaphthalene is the trigger of the PERNA disease.

EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.

Triggers are polychlorinated and polybrominated naphthalenes and biphenols, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, tetrachloroazobenzene, tetrachloroazooxybenzene.

Halogenated hydrocarbons bind to the dioxin receptor, a cytosolic and nuclear transcription factor which plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and cellular differentiation.

Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons interrupt endocrine signaling axes and increase carcinogenesis.

LocalizationThis section has been translated automatically.

Especially face and extremities.

Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.

Contamination can occur via the skin, the gastrointestinal tract or the respiratory tract. Creeping or peracute chloracne usually appears a few weeks after contamination as a monitoring sign of intoxication.

Multiple open and closed comedones and inflammatory cysts form in all areas with terminal hair and sebaceous gland follicles. Also acne-inversa-like and acne-conglobata-like symptoms.

Systemic side effects include neurological, cardiological, nephrological and gastrointestinal damage.

General therapyThis section has been translated automatically.

Quick and thorough removal of sources of contamination (including contaminated clothing).

External therapyThis section has been translated automatically.

Keratolytics such as 0.05% isotretinoin (e.g. Isotrex cream) or tretinoin (Cordes VAS cream) can be used in low doses to remove comedones and as anti-inflammatory agents.

Internal therapyThis section has been translated automatically.

Agent of choice: Isotretinoin, see also under Retinoids.

Operative therapieThis section has been translated automatically.

In the case of extensive lesions, surgical measures in the form of dermabrasion, electrocoagulation, curettage or cryosurgery must be used.

LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.

  1. Bock KW (2016) Toward elucidation of dioxin-mediated chloracne and Ah receptor functions. Biochem Pharmacol 112:1-5.

Authors

Last updated on: 29.10.2020

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer