Cd209

CD 209 (Cluster of Differentiation 209), aka DC-SIGN (acronym for: Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD209 gene located on chromosome 19p13.2. DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin receptor that is present on the surface of both macrophages and dendritic cells.

DC-SIGN on macrophages recognizes and binds with high affinity to N-glycans with high mannose content, a class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) commonly found on viruses, bacteria and fungi. This binding interaction activates phagocytosis. On myeloid and preplasmacytoid dendritic cells, DC-SIGN mediates the rolling interactions of dendritic cells with the blood endothelium and the activation of CD4+ T cells as well as the recognition of pathogen haptens. DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin and has a high affinity for the ICAM3 molecule. CD209 plays a key role as a receptor for various ligands such as ICAM-2(CD102), ICAM-3, HIV-1 gp120.

It binds various microorganisms by recognizing highly mannose-containing glycoproteins on their envelopes and functions in particular as a receptor for various viruses such as HIV, hepatitis C and various filoviridae. Binding to DC-SIGN can promote the infection of T cells from dendritic cells by HIV and hepatitis C viruses. Thus, binding to DC-SIGN is an essential process for HIV infection. In addition to functioning as an adhesion molecule, recent studies have also shown that DC-SIGN can initiate innate immunity by modulating Toll-like receptors, although the detailed mechanism is not yet known. DC-SIGN, together with other C-type lectins, is involved in tumor recognition by dendritic cells. DC-SIGN is also a potential development target for a dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine.

Application: FACS, IHC (G)

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