Antibodies which the immune system forms on individual cells or tissues due to disturbed function against the body's own structures (e.g. proteins, phospholipids), i.e. the physiological immunological tolerance to the "self" is disturbed or cancelled. Autoantibodies can opsonise autoantigens and induce phagocytosis by macrophages, activate complement or induce lysis of affected cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes or NK cells. Depending on the extent of the autoimmune reaction, immune complexes can develop, which are deposited in the tissue and can lead to local inflammation. Autoantibodies against specific cell membrane receptors can block or mimic the action of hormones. The formation of autoantibodies is often associated with skin diseases or rheumatic diseases, among others. S.a.u. autoimmune diseases.
Autoantibodies
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
OccurrenceThis section has been translated automatically.
| Disease patterns and frequent targets of autoantibodies (antigens) | |
| Clinical picture | Autoantibodies or antigens |
| Anti-Phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) | Lupus anticoagulant, cardiolipin, ß2-glycoprotein |
| Graves' disease | TSH receptor |
| Chronic polyarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) | rheumatoid factor, ANA, histones, ssDNA, fillaggrin |
| CREST syndrome | centromere (ACA) |
| Enteritis regionalis (M. Crohn) | ASC |
| Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring | Endomysium, gliadin, epidermal tissue transglutaminase |
| dermatomyositis/polymyositis | PM-Scl, Jo-1, MI2, ssDNS, Ku |
| Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | n-RNP, ss-DNA |
| Pemphigoid | BPAG 1 (BP 230), BPAG 2 (BP 180), Epiligrin |
| Pemphigus | Desmoglein 1, desmoglein 3, plakoglobin, STAG |
| periarteritis nodosa | p-ANCA, MPO |
| Systemic scleroderma or circumscribed scleroderma | SCL-70, ACA |
| Sjögren's Syndrome | SS-A, SS-B, rheumatoid factor, salivary gland ducts |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | ds-DNA, ssDNA, Sm antigen, SS-A, SS-B |
| Drug-induced SLE | ss-DNA, histones |
| Wegener's granulomatosis | c-ANCA, PR3 |
| Coeliac condition | Endomysium, gliadin, tissue transglutaminase |
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Langford CA (2003) Vasculitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111: S602-12
- Kavanaugh AF, Solomon DH (2002) Guidelines for immunologic laboratory testing in the rheumatic diseases: anti-DNA antibody tests. Arthritis Rheum 47: 546-555
- Levine JS et al (2002) The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 346: 752-763
- Nousari HC, Anhalt GJ (1999) Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Lancet 354: 667-672
- Rekvig OP, Nossent JC (2003) Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, nucleosomes, and systemic lupus erythematosus: a time for new paradigms? Arthritis Rheum 48: 300-312
- Wiik A (2002) Rational use of ANCA in the diagnosis of vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41: 481-483
TablesThis section has been translated automatically.
Antigen specificities of autoantibodies in rheumatic diseases and liver diseases
Antigen |
SLE |
MLE |
MCTD |
SS |
DP |
MY |
PSS |
CR |
RA |
JRA |
PBC |
CAH |
ds-DNA |
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(+) |
(+) |
ss-DNA |
70 |
80 |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
Histones |
70 |
90 |
|
|
|
|
(+) |
|
(+) |
+ |
|
+ |
HMG1/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
Ul-n-RNP (U1-70K) |
11 |
|
100 |
|
|
|
(+) |
|
+ |
(+) |
(+) |
|
Sm |
30 |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS-A |
16 |
|
20 |
75 |
|
|
30 |
|
+ |
|
(+) |
|
SS-B |
24 |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Centromeres |
(+) |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
80 |
|
|
+ |
|
50 kDa Nucl. prot. |
10 |
|
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM-Scl |
(+) |
|
|
|
8 |
80 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Scl-70 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
70 |
+ |
|
|
(+) |
|
Ku |
10 |
|
(+) |
|
50 |
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
Yo-l |
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mi-2 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RNA polymerase I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fibrillarin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
PCNA |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lamin |
(+) |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
RANA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
* Frequencies in percent [%]; + sporadic occurrence; (+) very rare occurrence | ||||||||||||
SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; MLE = drug-induced lupus erythematosus; MCTD = mixed collagenosis; SS = Sjögren's syndrome; DP = dermatomyositis/polymyositis; MY = myositis, PSS = progressive scleroderma; CR = CREST syndrome; RA = chronic polyarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis); JRA = juvenile chronic polyarthritis; PBC = primary biliary cirrhosis; CAH = chronic active (autoimmune) hepatitis | ||||||||||||