Atrophodermia idiopathica et progressivaL90.3

Very superficial, large-area, non-sclerosing variant of circumscript scleroderma; belonging to type I (plaque type) of circumscript scleroderma.

More frequent occurrence in Europe than in North America (?).

It is discussed whether an infection with Borrelia burgdorferi plays a pathogenetic role. In a study with 17 volunteers, IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi could be detected in 53% of the cases (in these cases the question of differentiation from acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans arises).

Women are more frequently affected than men. The age of the disease is between 10-30 years.

Lower extremities (60% of patients), upper extremity, trunk, especially back. Capillitium always remains free in this subtype of circumscribed scleroderma.

Mostly multiple, disseminated, symmetrical but also asymmetrical or unilateral, small and large spots, up to 20 cm in size or larger, bizarrely bordered, bluish-brown or violet, less frequently skin-colored or slightly depigmented, surface level or somewhat sunken spots (patches) / atrophy, with thinned, non-scalying skin which wrinkles when pushed together. In individual cases the lesions are cutaneous mosaics (phylloidal patterns) or follow a segmental pattern. I.A. no complaints.

Three subgroups are described:

• Scléroderma atrophique d'emblée
• sclérodermia minima
• Sclérodermie lilacée non indurée.

Initially, diffuse sparse lymphohistiocytic infiltrates are found between thickened collagen fiber bundles, also condensed and perivascularly oriented at the cutaneous-subcutaneous border. Rarely, an accompanying eosinophilic component is present. The orthokeratotic epidermis is usually thinned and basally hyperpigmented. Solitary melanophages in the upper dermis. Epidermotropism is always absent. A plasma cellular component is absent (in contrast to a Borrelia infection).

Systemic scleroderma: diffuse and non-plaqueform, distinct induration, sign of system sclerosis.

Parapsoriasis en grandes plaques: always signs of pseudoatrophy when the skin is wrinkled, no atrophy of the plaques, sharp-edged limitation, often itching.

Nevus spilus: congenital, smooth non-atrophic spot, bruised dark brown spots.

Mongol stain: congenital, blue-brown colour, no surface atrophy.

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: distinct parchment-like atrophy of the skin, blue-livid colour; serology is diagnostic.

If the borrelia titer is positive: infusion therapy with penicillin G (see Lyme disease).

In individual cases hydroxychloroquine is said to have helped.

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5. Kang CY et al (2015) Congenital idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini. Int
6. J Dermatol 54:e44-46
7. Lee Y et al (2011) A Case of Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini Associated with Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Successfully Treated with Oral Doxycycline. Ann Dermatol 23:352-356
8. Miteva L et al (2006) Unilateral idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini. Int J Dermatol 45:1391-1393
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12. Toledano C et al (2008) Localized scleroderma: a series of 52 patients. Eur J Internal Med 20:331-336