Stomatitis contact allergic

Contact allergic late type reaction (type IV allergy) of the oral mucosa. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs much less frequently than on the skin. A possible cause is, for example, the much rarer or less intensive exposure to potential contact allergens.

Common relevant contact allergens are dental restoratives, dental materials such as dental adhesive materials (e.g. acrylates, eugenol), dental metals (cobalt, copper, chromium, gold, mercury, nickel, silver), composite and porcelain. Furthermore, fragrances, Peru balsam, cinnamon, peppermint, menthol as well as the preservative dodecyl gallate may be possible allergens.

Clinically, redness, swelling and occasionally blistering, erosion or ulceration occur at the contact points.

Less frequently, lichenoid contact allergic reactions (lichenoid contact stomatitis) are observed. These can occur under the clinical picture of a lichen planus mucosae with whitish netted plaques or erosive stomatitis. Here, prosthesis materials play an etiopathogenetically important role. In addition, anaesthetics, different types of medication are used. Anaesthetics, various mouth washes and inhaled budesenoside are also possible contact allergens.

After a precise anamnesis, an epicutaneous test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and to prove a relevant sensitization. An epimucosal test is not necessary because a clinically relevant contact allergy of the oral mucosa can also be detected on the skin.

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