PAMP

Synonym(s)

pathogen associated molecular patterns

Definition
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Acronym for "pathogen associated molecular patterns". PAMP stands for the eminently important principle of innate immunity of not recognizing every possible antigen, but only a few, highly conserved molecular patterns or antigen structures ("pathogen-associated molecular patterns"). PAMPs include proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, carbohydrate compounds, flagellin or microbial nucleic acids. The recognition of such PAMPs is mediated by germline-encoded receptors of the innate immune system(Pattern Recognition Receptors = PRRs). These include:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
the RIG-like helicase (RLRs)
the NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
the cytosolic DNA sensors DAI, RNA polymerase and AIM2.

Classification
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The PAMPs are chemically very different substances, e.g.:

Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein ( LPS)
Peptidoglycans (components of the bacterial cell membrane)
Lipoteichonic acids (components of the bacterial cell membrane)
bacterial DNA
bacterial double-stranded RNA.

General information
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PAMPs have certain common features and are essential for the pathogenicity of the micro-organism. The cells of the innate immune system recognize these structures and react immediately without prior proliferation. The receptors that can be jointly expressed on a cell (see below immunity, acquired) are called pattern recognition receptors(PPRs).