Interleukin-3

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

Last updated on: 29.10.2020

Synonym(s)

20alpha-dehydrogenase-inducing factor; 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inducing factor; 20α-dehydrogenase-inducing factor; 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inducing factor; Blood progenitor activator (BPA); burst promoting activity (BPA); burst promoting activity (BP oder BPA); Colony forming unit spleen (CFU-S); Colony forming unit spleen maintenance factor (CFU-SMF); Colony forming unit stimulating activity (CFU-SA); Colony stimulating factor 2alpha (CSF-2alpha); Colony stimulating factor 2beta (CSF-2beta); Colony stimulating factor 2α (CSF-2α); Colony stimulating factor 2β (CSF-2β); Eosinophil colony stimulating factor (Eo-CSF); Epidermal cell Il-3 (EC Il-3); epidermal keratinocyte derived basophil promoting activity; Erythroid colony stimulating factor (ECSF); Haematopoietic cell growth factor (HCGF); Haemopoietic cell growth factor (HPGF); Haemopoietin 2 (HP-2); Helper peak 2 (HP-2); Histamine producing cell stimulating factor (HCSF); IL-3; Mast cell growth factor (MCGF oder MGF); Maturation inducer activity; Megakaryocyte colony stimulating activity (MEG-CSA); Megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (MEG-CSF); Mixed colony stimulating factor; Multi colony stimulating activity (MCSA); Multi colony stimulating factor (multi-CSF); Multilineage haemopoietic growth factor (multi-HGF); Multipoietin; Natural cytotoxic cell growth factor; Neutrophil granulocyte colony stimulating factor; Panspecific haemopoietin (PSH); P cell stimulating activity (PCSA); P cell stimulating factor (PCSF); Persisting cell stimulating factor (PSF); P factor; pluripotential stem cell supporting factor; progenitor stimulating factor (PSF); Stem cell activating factor (SAF); thy-1-inducing factor; WEHI-3 factor; WEHI-3 growth factor (WGF); WEHI-3 growth factor (WGF).

Definition
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Interleukins (from Latin/Greek inter = between; leukos = white; kinein = to move) are a group of endogenous, short-chain peptide hormones (cytokines) of the immune system. Interleukin-3 is a glycoprotein that is mainly formed by antigen- and mitogen-activated T-lymphocytes. IL-3 has a strong influence on growth and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. There are synergistic effects to Interleukin-4 and GMCS.

General information
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The effect of interleukin-3 is mediated by interleukin-3 receptors. These are expressed on macrophages, mast cells, endothelia, haematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, neutrophilic granulocytes and various leukaemia cells. The receptor density is 1000-5000/cell. It decreases with increasing maturation of the cells.

The signal transduction is based on the phosphorylation of the receptor and the consecutive activation of protein kinase C.

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General therapy
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Therapeutically, interleukin-3 is used to stimulate blood formation after chemotherapy. It is also used after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation.

Note(s)
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Polymorphisms in the interleukin-3 gene led to schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Cyclosporine A and glucocorticoids inhibit the production of IL-3.

Literature
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Do Carmo LS et al (2013) A high-fat diet increases interleukin-3 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production by bone marrow cells and triggers bone marrow hyperplasia and neutrophilia in Wistar rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 238:375-384.
Liu Z et al (2015) Association of interleukin 3 (IL-3) polymorphisms with schizophrenia in Han Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 605:12-17.
Moldenhauer LM et al. (2015) Interleukin-3 greatly expands non-adherent endothelial forming cells with pro-angiogenic properties. Stem Cell Res 14:380-395.