Ccl27

Chemokines, a subgroup of cytokines, are small (size between 8 and 10 kDa), chemotactically active proteins (signal proteins). They are common in all vertebrates, in some virus species and bacteria. In humans, about 50 chemokines are currently known. A highly conserved structural feature of all chemokines is a fixed group of cysteine residues stabilized by 1 or 2 disulfide bridges. This key structural position in the molecule is responsible for their fixed 3-dimensional structure.

In CC chemokines, the cysteines follow each other directly (see Fig.), in CXC chemokines they are separated (CC = acronym for cysteine-cysteine) by one, in CXXXC chemokines by three other amino acids. Herein we show that CCL15 is processed in human synovial fluid by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteases. are produced and secreted by a variety of immune cells. They mediate their signals by binding to chemokine receptors via G-proteins. Some chemokines have proinflammatory effects, while others have regulatory effects in tissue formation, homeostasis, and proliferation.

CCL27, also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 27, is a small human cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. The encoding CCL27 gene is located on chromosome 9. CCL7 is also known as Cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine or CTACK. Like the chemokines CCL26 and CCL28, it binds to the CCR10 receptor.

CCL27 is closely associated with the homing of memory T lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissue of the skin.

CCL27 plays a significant role in T cell-mediated inflammation of the skin. CCL27 acts as a chemoattractant for antigen-specific T lymphocytes.

CCL27 is expressed in various tissues. Tissues, such as thymus, placenta and gonads, epidermis and various cell systems of the central nervous system. Cell systems of the central nervous system.

CTACK/CCL27 is expressed by epidermal keratinocytes, which attracts CCR10+ T lymphocytes to the skin. These observations, made some time ago, gave rise to the term "cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine". In the meantime, it could be shown that CCL27 also plays an important role in mucosal immunity.

Furthermore, CCL27 mRNA expression is also detected in the central nervous system. Expression of the chemokine receptor CCR10, to which CCL27 binds, is detectable in astrocytes and hippocampal neurons.

CCL27 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. It is known that most psoriatic lymphocytes express the CCL27 receptor (= CCR10). Passive overexpression of CTACK/CCL27 may also occur early in the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Remarkably, CCL27 is increased expressed in lesional (overlying) epidermis in malignant melanoma compared with surrounding epidermis. This constellation is thought to be associated with improved prognosis of melanoma (see CCR10 gene for details).

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2. Dorf ME et al (2000) Astrocytes express functional chemokine receptors. Journal of Neuroimmunology 111: 109-121.
3. Goteri G et al (2009) Lesional skin chemokine CTACK/CCL27 expression in mycosis fungoides and disease control by IFN-alpha and PUVA therapy. On J Transl Res 1:203-210.
4. Gunsolly J D et al (2010) Expression and regulation in the brain of the chemokine CCL27 gene locus. Journal of Neuroimmunology 225: 82-90.
5. Homey B et al (2002) CCL27-CCR10 interactions regulate T cell-mediated skin inflammation. Nature Medicine 8: 157-165.
6. Karakawa M et al;(2014) CCL27 is downregulated by interferon gamma via epidermal growth factor receptor in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 229:1935-1945.
7. Martinez-Rodriguez M et al (2017) High CCL27 immunoreactivity in 'supratumoral' epidermis correlates with better prognosis in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Clin Pathol 70:15-19.